1. Which of the following economic realities
is MOST CLOSELY associated with the development of the factory
system?
*(A) Reduced need for skilled workers.
(B) Disruption of maritime commerce.
(C) Growth of slavery.
(D) Low wages to workers.
(E) Restrictions on the development of industry.
2. An economic weakness of the pre-Civil War
labor movement was:
(A) the resultant damage to New England's economy.
(B) its emphasis on agricultural rather than commercial interests.
(C) the damage it caused the economy due to land speculators.
*(D) its emphasis on skilled workers.
(E) the policy that the federal government should not have
direct taxing powers.
3. The insufficient conditions facing the
wage earner in sweatshops, debtor's prison, and contract labor
spurred:
(A) the spread of Calvinism to the middle colonies.
(B) the development of an independent culture.
(C) the development of the "underground railroad."
(D) foreign missionary activity.
*(E) the push for unionization.
4. An educator seeking to improve the quality
of public education was:
(A) Harriet Beecher Stowe.
(B) William Lloyd Garrison.
*(C) Horace Mann.
(D) Susan B. Anthony.
(E) Frances Wright.
5. A person would be attending a religious
meeting in the Midwest if he were:
(A) convinced of views held by James Fenimore Cooper.
(B) believing in the empiracal method of John Locke.
(C) admiring the accomplishments of Benjamin Latrobe.
(D) supporting the views of Horace Greely.
*(E) listening to Peter Cartwright.
6. The worker movement of the 1840's was by
nature a reform movement in the sense that:
(A) it was an argument between industrialists and agrarians.
(B) slavery remained an important institution in American
life.
*(C) it pressured those in power to make changes in the factory
system.
(D) the lower levels of white society were not enfranchised
and involved.
(E) it instigated Indian resistance and populism.
7. Novels exploring human nature and ideas
are the most typical of literary expression found:
(A) in popular fiction of the 1840's and 1850's.
(B) in the 1820's and 1830's.
(C) in early colonial America.
*(D) in serious fiction of the 1840's and 1850's.
(E) in America from 1775 to 1820.
8. Which amendment to the United States Constitution
deals with federal income tax?
*(A) The Sixteenth Amendment
(B) The Eighteenth Amendment
(C) The Fifteenth Amendment
(D) The Sixth Amendment
(E) The Nineteenth Amendment
9. The low wages of workers is most closely
associated with:
(A) New England from 1808 to 1812.
*(B) the abundance of labor in the North before 1860.
(C) the effects of mercantilism.
(D) the labor shortage.
(E) the development of the factory system.
10. The most typical form of literary expression
influenced by Emerson in the 1840's is:
(A) literary critiques as part of the creative process in
art.
(B) magazine articles expressing democratic ideals.
*(C) rhetorical essays of a philosophic nature.
(D) table-talk essays filled with social wit and wisdom.
(E) essays on the aesthetics of art and poetry.
11. Which of the following trends is evident
in the works of Thomas Cole and the Hudson River School?
*(A) An idealization of the American landscape.
(B) A shift away from the rationalism of the past toward
more subjective emotional values.
(C) A popular interest in historical romances such as those
of Sir Walter Scott.
(D) A renewed interest in classical forms (especially those
of Greece).
(E) An imaginative use of America's past in creating national
pride.
12. One may conclude that poetic conventions
were being challenged by the 1850's from:
(A) sales data of music publishers from 1820 to 1860.
(B) sales data of American publishers from 1820 to 1860.
(C) attending a dedication ceremony of a public monument
in the 1850's.
(D) attending symphonic concerts in the 1850's.
*(E) an analysis of "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking."
13. Which of the following encouraged free
public libraries and museums?
(A) Industrial growth and expansion from 1820 to 1840.
(B) Support of the lyceum movement from 1820 to 1840.
(C) Belief in the progress of technology from 1830 to 1860.
*(D) Support of popular democratization of knowledge.
(E) Support of the Sunday School movement from 1800 to 1860.
14. The American Transcendentalists may best
by characterized as which of the following?
*(A) A group of Northern intellectuals who shared a belief
in the value of human intuition, the presence of divinity in nature,
and an emotional comprehension of God.
(B) A religious sect that believed in the concept of sin
and the necessity for forgiveness from God and from fellow worshippers.
(C) A number of loosely organized communitarians who engaged
in sexual experiences outside the confines of marriage.
(D) A sect of former Unitarian ministers who expected Christ
to descend to earth within their lifetimes.
(E) A persecuted band who had to flee to the West because
of the unpopular ideas about polygamy and other unconventional
practices.
15. Of the following, which was the most important
cause of agrarian discontent in the United States in the last
quarter of the nineteenth century?
(A) The end of free homesteads.
(B) The end of Republican party efforts to woo the farm vote.
(C) The exhaustion of the soil by poor farming methods.
*(D) The feeling that the railroads were exploiting the farmers.
(E) The increase in the number of immigrants.
16. The horizontal integration of American
industry (i.e., one firm acquiring control of other firms that
produce the same product) that occurred at the end of the nineteenth
century was primarily a response to:
*(A) economic competition.
(B) high tariffs.
(C) powerful labor unions.
(D) federal monetary policy.
(E) federal regulation of business.
17. Which of the following would have been
MOST LIKELY to support the presidential campaign of William Jennings
Bryan in 1896?
*(A) A Kansas farmer
(B) A Chicago industrial merchant
(C) A Philadelphia merchant
(D) A university professor of economics
(E) A New York Republican party member
18. Which of the following statements is true
about immigration to the United States during the last two decades
of the nineteenth century?
(A) United States immigrantion laws sharply reduced the number
of eligible immigrants.
(B) Irish immigrants came in larger numbers than earlier
in the century.
(C) Nativist agitation brought about a decline in immigration.
(D) The United States government entered into a "gentleman's
agreement" to ban immigration from certain countries.
*(E) Southern and Eastern Europeans came in larger numbers
than earlier in the century.
19. "In 1800 schoolchildren (ages 5-19) spent an average of only fourteen days in school each year. By 1850 this figure had nearly doubled, going to twenty-six days, and by 1860 it had risen to forty days per year, almost triple the figure for 1800. By 1860 the literacy rate at age twenty had attained modern levels, exceeding ninety percent among whites."
This passage describes results brought
about chiefly through:
*(A) state and local efforts in behalf of public schools.
(B) the work of private philanthropists.
(C) the extension of federally supported school systems.
(D) the increasing ability of families to afford tutors.
(E) the establishment of church-supported schools.
20. In which year would the population of an Atlantic seacoast city most likely have appeared as follows?
CATEGORIES (selected groups of total population) NUMBER
Born in United States of parents born
in the United 70,352
States (White)
Born in Ireland (White) 25,282
Born in United States of parents born
in 2,017
Ireland (White)
Born in Russia (White) 10
Born in United States of parents born
in 2
Russia (White)
Non-White born in United States 2,317
(A) 1790
(B) 1820
*(C) 1850
(D) 1890
(E) 1930
21. All of the following were considered legitimate
functions of the federal government in the late nineteenth century
EXCEPT:
(A) promoting industrial growth by means of a protective
tariff.
(B) granting subsidies to encourage the construction of railroads.
(C) regulating immigration.
*(D) assuring the welfare of the poor and unemployed.
(E) regulating the nation's currency.
22. The "Declaration of Sentiments and
Resolves" issued by the Seneca Falls Convention demanded:
*(A) greater rights for women.
(B) the immediate termination of slavery.
(C) enlightened treatment of the insane.
(D) a new role for women in the antislavery movement.
(E) improvement in prison conditions.
23. In the pre-Civil War era, the railroad's
most important impact on the economy was the:
*(A) creation of a huge new market for railway equipment.
(B) creation of the basis for greater cooperation between
Southern planters and Northern textile manufacturers.
(C) generation of new employment opportunities for unskilled
urban workers.
(D) participation of the federal government in the financing
of a nationwide transportation network.
(E) accessibility to Eastern urban markets provided to Midwestern
farmers.
24. The hostility of the Know-Nothing Party
was directed primarily against:
(A) the growth of cities and industrial manufacturing.
*(B) Irish and German Catholic immigrants.
(C) Free Masons and members of other fraternal orders.
(D) abolitionists.
(E) slaveholders.
25. Which of the following would MOST LIKELY
have said, " ... children should be children as long as they
can"?
(A) A New England Puritan
(B) A Southern slaveholder
*(C) A mid-nineteenth century educational reformer
(D) An Irish immigrant in the Lowell mills.
(E) A parent of a pioneer family in the West.