THE DATES YOU ABSOLUTELY NEED TO KNOW

1348 - The Black Plague hits Europe. Drives up the price of people. Disrupts the heck out of social, political, economic and religious activity.

1453 - Turks take Constantinople. End of 100 Years War. France Wins.

1455 - Bible printed.

1469 – Ferdinand and Isabella marry and begin unification of Spain

1485 - War of the Roses ends. Henry Tudor becomes Henry VII.

1492 - Columbus sailed the ocean blue.

1517 - Luther nails up his 95 Theses.

1519 - Charles V becomes HRE. Europe scared of Hapsburg hegemony.

(Period of Hapsburg supremacy lasts from 1519-1656)

1521 - Diet of Worms.

1527 - Rome sacked by HRE. Machiavelli dies. Two good reasons to call this year the end of the Renaissance.

1529 - Siege of Vienna by the Turks. A close call for Christian Europe.

1545 - Council of Trent starts the Catholic Reformation.

Potosi Silver mines in Peru discovered.

1555 - Peace of Augsburg: religion of the prince is religion of the people.

1556 - Charles V abdicates as HRE, goes to live in a monastery.

1588 - Spanish Armada defeated by England.

1589 - Henry IV becomes the first Bourbon king of France.

1598 - Edict of Nantes.

1618-1648 - Thirty Years War. Last of the Religious wars. Leaves Germany in shambles. France is the strongest country in Europe. Richelieu, working for Louis XIII, demonstrates the workings of the Balance of Power. Ends in Peace of Westphalia.

1642-1648 - English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell takes control.

1643-1715 - Louis XIV, The Sun King, rules with the help of Mazarin.

1660 - Restoration of the Stuarts in England.

1688 - Glorious Revolution.

1701-1714 - War of Spanish Succession, ends in Peace of Utrecht, which creates the Kingdom of Prussia. France severely weakened; England emerges as strongest European country.

1720 - "Bubbles" burst in England and France

1740 - Frederick II "The Great" begins reign.

1740-1748 - War of Austrian Succession, in which Frederick II seizes Silesia, even though Maria Theresa of Austria gets to keep her throne.

1756-1763 - Seven Years War, ends in Peace of Paris.

1772- First Partition of Poland.

1776 - American Revolution begins and Adam Smith writes Wealth of Nations.

1789 - French Revolution begins.

1793 - Second Partition of Poland.

1795 - Third Partition of Poland.

1804 - Napoleon proclaims himself Emperor.

1806 - HRE bites the dust.

1815 - Congress of Vienna restructures Europe after Napoleonic Wars.

1830 - July Revolution removes Bourbons from France and replaces them with Louis Philippe, Orleans family.

1832 - First English Reform Bill.

1846 - Corn Laws repealed in England.

1848 - 1) Lots of European revolutions. Metternich flees to England. 2) Louis Phillipe ousted, replaced by Louis Napoleon Bonaparte beginning of Second Republic. 3) Karl Marx writes the Communist Manifesto.

1852-1870 - French Second Empire

1854-1856 - Crimean War

1859 - Darwin's Origin of Species

1861 - 1) Alexander II frees the serfs in Russia

2) Italian unification completed, except for Rome

1867 - 1) Formation of the Dual Monarchy 2) Seven Weeks War.

1870 - Franco-Prussian War; German unification completed. Start of the French Third Republic.

1878 - Berlin Congress settles problems between Russia and Ottoman Empire.

1885 - Berlin Conference. European powers carve up Africa.

1890 - Bismarck fired by Kaiser William II.

1894-1906 - Dreyfus Case.

1899-1902 - Boer War

1904-1905 - Russo-Japanese War.

1905 - Russian Revolution of 1905.

1906 - Algiciras Conference.

1911 - Agadir Crisis.

1912-1913 - First and Second Balkan Wars.

1914-1918 - World War I.

1917 - 1) Russian Revolution. Civil war continues until 1920.

2) Balfour Declaration.

1922 - Mussolini takes over Italy

1929 - The Great Depression.

1933 - Hitler appointed German Chancellor.

1935 - Nuremberg Laws.

1936 - Spanish Civil War.

1939 - World War Two begins.

December 7, 1941 - A day that will live in infamy. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.

June 6, 1944, D-DAY

1945 - FDR dies. World War Two ends. Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1947 - Marshall Plan. India and Pakistan gain independence.

1948 - Israel created. Apartheid instituted in South Africa.

1949 - Communist Chinese win civil war. NATO organized.

1950-1953 - Korean War.

1954- Defeat at Dien Bien Phu leads to French departure from Vietnam. Enter the USA.

1961 - Berlin Wall Built.

1989 - End of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe.

1991 - Dissolution of the Soviet Union and Treaty of Maastricht

WORD CHRONOLOGY FOR EURO

Black Death - Death drives up the price of people. Accelerates the end of feudalism

Renaissance - comes in two flavors: North and South.

New Monarchies: England, France and Spain.

Kings UP/Nobles DOWN

AFTERLIFE DOWN/THIS LIFE UP

Opening of the Atlantic/ Golden Age of Spain /Tudor England (1st Enclosure)

Years of Hapsburg Power start here (1519)

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION

Mercantilism

Reformation: POPE DOWN/INDIVIDUAL UP

Religious Wars end in the Peace of Augsburg

Religion of the Prince is the religion of the people.

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION STARTS HERE

French Wars of Religion: Valois out/Bourbon in.

Revolt of the Netherlands and Defeat of Armada

Thirty Years War / Balance of Power/ Peace of Westphalia.

Years of Hapsburg power end here. SPAIN down, FRANCE up.

English Civil War/Oliver Cromwell/Restoration/Glorious Revolution

Age of Louis XIV "Here Comes the Sun King. Everybody's happy..."

War of Spanish Succession ends in Peace of Utrecht - "Hello, Prussia!"

In the economy, after Louis XIV's wars, FRANCE down, ENGLAND up.

ENLIGHTENMENT

American Revolution/Partitions of Poland/French Revolution/

Second Enclosure Movement/Enlightened Despots/

RELIGION down, REASON up.

CAPITALISM

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (starts around 1760)

Adam Smith/Wealth of Nations (1776)

FRENCH REVOLUTION

NAPOLEONIC WARS/CONGRESS OF VIENNA

(Goodbye Enlightenment)

ROMANTICISM/NATIONALISM/LIBERALISM

Socialism/Communism (1848)/Suffrage Reform in England

REASON down, EMOTION up

Revolutions of 1848 - Goodbye Metternich

EMOTION down, MANIPULATION up

Realism and REALPOLITIK

Unification of Italy and Germany/Rise of IMPERIALISM

Positivism

Fin de Siecle

World War One

Versailles Treaty

Unexpected Devastation leads to ISOLATIONISM

New governments created based on SELF-DETERMINATION

Russian Revolution

Great Depression/World Wide Depression/Rise of Fascism

Holocaust

Appeasement/World War Two

Fall of Imperialism/Cold War

End of European economic supremacy

Beginning of the "Post-industrial Age."

Fall of Communism

Treaty of Maastricht – Beginning of European Unity