Renaissance

Giovanni Boccaccio
Sandro Botticelli
Filippo Brunelleschi
Michelangelo Buonarotti
Baldassare Castiglione
Benvenuto Cellini
Leonardo da Vinci
Miguel de Cervantes
Lorenzo de Medici
Donatello
Erasmus
Lorenzo Ghilberti
Hans Holbein the Younger
humanism
individualism
Julius II
Leo X

Niccolo Machiavelli
Massaccio
Montaigne
Sir Thomas More
"new monarchs"
Petrarch
"Renaissance Man"
Fra Girolamo Savonarola
secularism
Lorenzo Valla
Giorgio Vasari
vernacular

Reformation

Act of Supremacy
anabaptists
Anglicanism
John Calvin
Calvinism
consubstantiation
Council of Trent
Diet of Worms
Johann Eck
Edict of Nantes
Edict of Worms
excommunication
High Church Anglicanism
Huguenots
John Hus
Ignatius Loyola
indulgences
Jesuits
John Knox
Low Church Anglicanism
Martin Luther
Pope Clement VII
Pope Leo X
Pope Paul III
Pope Pius V
predestination
Presbyterianism
salvation
seven sacraments
The Six Articles
transubstantiation
the Twelve Articles
Unitarianism
Thomas Wolsey
John Wycliffe
Ulrich Zwingli

The Age of Discovery

Alphonso d'Albuquerque
Audiencias
Aztecs
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Pedro Cabral
Jacques Cartier
Bartholomew de las Casas
Christopher Columbus
conquistadores
Hernando Cortes
Bartholomew Diaz
Sir Francis Drake
Encomienda
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Vasco da Gama
Prince Henry the Navigator
Incas
Isthmus of Panama
Ferdinand Magellan
Mestizos
Francisco Pizzaro
pope Alexander
Sir Walter Raleigh
Treaty of Tordesillas

The Rise of Nation-States:

Act of Settlement
Gustavus Adolphus
Anne of Austria
Barebones Parliament
Battle of the Boyne
Bill of Rights
Charles I (1600-1649)
Charles II (1630-1685)
Charles X (1622-1660)
Charles XII (1682-1718)
Oliver Cromwell
Declaration of Breda
Defenstration of Prague
Edict of Restitution
Edward VI (1537-1553)

Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
Ferdinand I (1503-1584)
Francis, Duke of Guise (1519-1563)
Frederick V (1596-1632)
The Glorious Revolution
Great Northern War
Henry of Navarre (1553-1610)
Henry Tudor (1457-1509)
Henry VIII (1491-1547)
Holy Roman Empire
House of Lancaster
Hussites
James I (1566-1625)
James II (1633-1701)
William Laud
League of Augsburg
Battle of Lepanto
Louis XIII (1601-1643)
Mary I (1516-1558)
Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587)
Maximillian II (1527-1576)
Cardinal Mazarin
Catherine de' Medici
Battle of Narva
Naseby
pacification of Ghent
Peter the Great (1672-1725)
Petition of Right
Phillip II
The Restoration
Cardinal Richelieu
Rump Parliament
Solemn League and Covenant
Sophia of Hanover (1630-1714)
Spanish Armada
Test Act
Thirty Years's War
Thomas Wolsey
Treaty of Nystadt
Battle of Poltava
Treaty of the Pyranees
Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Westphalia
Albrecht von Wallenstein
War of the Austrian Succession
Wars of the Roses
War of the Spanish Succession
William I (1533-1584)
William II of Orange (1626-1650)
balance of trade
Battle of Blenheim (1704)
Jacques Bossuet (1627-1704)
boyars
Brandenburg
Charles XI (1661-1700)
Charles Xll (1682-1718)
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683)
Diplomatic Revolution
effects of revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Frederick William, the Great Elector (1620 1688)
Frederick I (1657-1713)
Frederick William I ("The Sergeant King") (1688-1740)
Frederick II, the Great (1712- 1786)
Fronde
Great Northern War
Hohenzollern family
Holy Synod

Huguenots
Junkers
Prince Kaunitz (1711 - 1794)
League of Augsburg
Louis XIV (1638-1715)
Jean Baptiste Lully (1632-1687)
Maria Theresa (1717- 1780)
Madame de Maintenon (1635-1719)
Marquis de Louvois (1641-1691)
Cardinal Mazarin (1602-1661)
mercantilism Moliere (1622- 1673)
Le Notre Peace of Paris (1763)
Peter I, the Great (1672-1725)
Battle of Poltava (1709)
Nicholas Poussin (1593-1665)
Pragmatic Sanction
Jean Baptiste Racine (1639-1699)
robot
Romanov dynasty
Seven Years' War
Silesia
St. Petersburg, the "Window on the Sea"
State bureaucracies-tax collection, tax farming
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
Treaty of Nijmegen (1678)
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
War of the Austrian Succession
War of Devolution
War of the Spanish Succession
Versailles

The Scientific Revolution:

Aristotelian world view
Francis Bacon
Tycho Brahe
Robert Boyle
Nicholas Copernicus
Rene Descartes
deductive reasoning
Discourse on Method
Empiricism
Galileo Galilei
William Harvey
inductive reasoning
Johannes Kepler
Gottfried Liebniz
Carl Linnaeus
Natural Laws
Isaac Newton
Paracelsus
Blaise Pascal
Ptolemy's System
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
The Royal Society of London
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Andreas Vesalius

The Enlightenment :

A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
John Locke (1632-1704)

Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire) (1694-1778)
Candide
Francois Boucher (1703- 1770
capitalism
cosmopolitanism
Deism
Rene Descartes (1596-1650
"Enlightened Despot"
Enlightenment
"General Will"
William Hogarth (1697-1764
humanitarianism
inductive reasoning
Joint Stock Companies
John Law (1671-1729
Letters on the English
Natural Rights of Man
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727),

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
physiocrats
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
Rococo
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
Adam Smith (1723-1790)
The Social Contract
The Spirit of Laws

The French Revolution and Napoleon:

First Coalition
fraternity
Girondins
Great Fear
guillotine
Jacques Rene Hebert (1755-1794)
Hebertistes
intendants
Jacobins
Law of Suspects
lettres de cachet
levee en masse
liberty
Louis XVI (1754-1793)
Louvre Palace
Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793)
Marie Antoinette (1755-1793)
La Marseillaise
Comte de Mirabeau (1749-1791)
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
modernization of the economy
the Mountain
National Assembly
Jacques Necker (1732-1804)
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
Committee of Public Safety
Maximilien de Robespierre (1758- 1794)
Jacques Roux Louis Saint Just (1767-1794)
sans-culottes
September Massacres
What ls the Third Estate?
Abbe Sieyes
Alhert Soboul
Madame de Stael (1766-1817)
Swiss guards
Tennis Court Oath
the Terror
Thermidore
Third Estate
Tuileries
Battle of Valmy
Varennes
Vendee
Versailles
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
Alexander I (1775-1825)
Amnesty/Notables
Battle of Austerlitz
Battle of Waterloo
Bank of France
Berlin Decree
Battle of Borodino
Concordat
Confederation of the Rhine
Congress of Vienna
Consulate
Continental System
Egyptian Campaign
First Consul
The First Empire Duke of Enghien/Monarchists
Joseph Fouche (1763-1820)
The Grand Army
The Grand Empire
guerrilla warfare
Holy Roman Empire, Dissolution of the
Battle of Jena
Legion of Honor
Louis XVIII (1755-1824)
Marie Louise (1791-1847)
Clemens von Metternich (1773-1859)
Napoleon I (1769-1821)
Napoleonic Code
Battle of Nations
Nieman River
Battle of Nile
The 100 Days
Peace Interim, 1802
Peninsular War
Plebiscite
Battle of the Pyramids
Quadruple Alliance
Rosetta Stone
Saint Helena
Second Coalition (Austria, Russia, Great Brit ain)
Talleyrand (1754-1838)
Third Coalition (Austria, Russia, Great Britain, Sweden)
Trafalgar

Treaty of Amiens (1802)
Treaty of Luneville (1801)
Treaty of Paris: May 30, 1814 [the "first" treaty]
Treaty of Tilsit

The Industrial Revolution:

Sir Richard Arkwright (1732-1792)
Bubble Act
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
Duke of Bridgewater (1736-1803)
Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823)
Chartism Charter Petition, 1839
Combination Acts
Communist Manifesto
Corn Laws
Henry Cort (1740-1800)
cotton gin
Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881)
FriederichEngels (1820-1895)
Factory Act
flying shuttle
Charles Fourier (1772-1837)
Earl Grey (1764- 1845)
James Hargreaves (d. 1778)
Industrialization
John Kay (1704- 1764)
laissez-faire
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
John McAdam (1756-1836)
Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729)
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Lord Palmerston (1784-1865)
Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850)
A People's Charter
Phalansteries

Poor Law, 1834
Reform Bill, 1832
Reform Bill, 1867
Scientific Socialism
Secret Ballot Act
spinning-jenny
Tory
Utopian Socialism
water frame
James Watt (1736-1819)
Whig
Eli Whitney (1765-1825)

Reaction, Romanticism and Revolution:

Alexander I (1777-1825)
Hector Berlioz (1803- 1869)
Lord Byron (1788- 1824)
George Canning (1770-1827)
Carbonari
Viscount Castlereagh (1769-1822)
Concert of Europe
Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)
Congress of Troppau (1820)
Congress of Verona (1822)
Congress of Vienna
John Constable (1776-1837)
Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)
Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)
the "Eastern Question"
J. L. Gericault (1791-1824)
Great Powers
Greece (1821-1829)
Grimm's FairY Tales
Francois Guizot (1787-1874)
Victor Hugo (1802-1885)
J. D. Ingres (1780-1867)
July Revolution (1830)
Louis Kossuth (1802-1894)
Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837)
medievalism
Prince Metternich (1773-1859)
National revolutionary movements:
Naples (1820)
Spain (1820)
Belgium (1830)
Poland (1830-1831)
Nicholas I (1796-1855)
Oxford Movement
Lord Palmerston (1784- 1865)
Louis Philippe (1773-1850)
Joseph Radetzky (1766-1858)
Reform Act of 1832
Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
Talleyrand (1754-1838)
J. M. W. Turner (1775-1851)
William Wordsworth (1771-1855)

More ISMs:

Anti-Corn Law League; Richard Cobden, John Bright
Home Rule or second site
Honore de Balzac or second site
Louis Blanc (1811-1882) or second site
Louis Cavaignac (1802- 1857
Center Party
Chartism or second site
Classical Liberalism or second site
William Cobbett (1763-1835) or second site
Combinations Act (and repeal)
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881)
Factory Act (1820)
Falloux Law
Gustave Flaubert or second site
William Gladstone (1809-1898)
Great Exhibition of 1851
Great Famine
Baron Haussmann (1809-1891)
intelligentsia
Kulturkampf
Alphonse de Lamartine (1790- 1869)
Manchester School
Narodniki
national workshops
nihilism
Paris Exhibitions (1867, 1889, and 1900)
Sir Robert Peel (1788- 1850)
Peterloo Massacre
positivism
Reform Bills (1832, 1867, and 1884)
Rerum Novarum
"Six Acts" (1819)
Suez Canal or site two or site three
Ten Hours Act
Third Republic
Tories
transformismo
Whigs

Nationalism

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
Olympic Games
Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928)
Paris Exhibitions of 1889 and 1900
Charles Pathe (1873-1957)
Max Planck (1858-1947)
Postimpressionsism
Marcel Proust (1871-1922)
Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1971)
Georges Seurat (1859-1891)
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)
socialism
Georges Sorel (1847- 1922)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Bertha von Suttner (1843-1914)
Symholist Manifesto
telephone
Third Repuhlic
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)
Triple Alliance
Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958)
Richard Wagner (1813- 1883)
Sidney (1859-1947) and Beatrice (1858-1943) Webb
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
Emile Zola (1840-1902)

The Age of Imperialism:

Algeciras Conference
Belgian Congo
Boer War
Boxer Rebellion
Robert Clive (1725-1774)
Congress of Berlin
Lord Cornwallis (1738-1805)
East India Company
Fashoda Incident
German East Africa
Gunboat Diplomacy
Jingoism
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)
Dr. David Livingstone (1813-1873)
Meji Restoration
Mogul Empire
Open Door Policy
Opium Wars
Commodore William Perry (1794-1858)
Protectorate
Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)
Russo-Japanese War
Sepoy Rebellion
Sino-Japanese War
Spanish-American War
Sphere of Influence
Taiping Rebellions
Trans-Siberian Railroad
Treaty of Nanking

World War I:

Argonne
Balkan Wars
Berlin Conference, 1878
Berlin Conference, 1885
Black Hand
Charles I (1887-1922)
Entente Cordiale
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914) or site two or site three
Freedom of the Seas or site two
David Lloyd George (1863-1945)
Joseph Joffre (1852-1931)
Kaiser Wilhelm II or site two
Kruger Telegram
T. E. Lawrence (1888-1935)
League of Nations or site two
V. I. Lenin (1810-1924) or site two
Battle of the Marne
Morocco Crisis, 1911 or site two
Nicholas II (1868-1918)
Gavrilo Princip (1895-1918)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty of Versailles
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Battle of Verdun
Western Front
Wilson's Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)
Young Turks
Zimmerman Telegram
Alexander II (1818-1881)
Alexander III (1845-1894)
Czarina Alexandra (1872- 1918)
Czarevich Alexis
Army Order #1
Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876)
Bloody Sunday
Bolsheviks
Cheka
Civil War: Whites versus Reds
Decembrist Revolt
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881)
Duma
Finland Station
Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970)
General Lavr Kornilov (1870-1918)
Kronstadt Revolt
V. I. Lenin (1870-1924)
March Revolution
Menshiviks
Mir
narodniki
Nicholas I (1796-1855)
Nicholas II (1868-1918)
nihilism
October Manifesto
panslavism
"Peace, Bread, and Land"
Petrograd Soviet
Prince Georgi Lvov (1861-1925)
Provisional Government
1905 Revolution
Rasputin (1871-1916)
Red Army
Russo-Japanese War
Slavophiles
Social Democrats
Social Revolutionaries
Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)
Pyotr Stolypin (1862-1911)
Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Leon Trotsky(1879- 1940)
Count Sergei Witte (1849-1915)
zemstvos

Totalitarian Societies:

Black Shirts
Bloody Sunday, 1905
Bolsheviks
Brownshirts
Cadets
Central Committee
Christian Socialist Party
collectivization
communism
Cordon Sanitaire
Corporate State
Duma
Falange
Fascism
Five-Year Plan
Gestapo
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945
Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970
The Lateran Accord
V. I. Lenin (1870-1924
March Revolution
March on Rome
Mein Kampf
Mensheviks
Mirs
Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
National German Workers Party

World War II:

Anschluss
Anti-Comintern Pact
Atlantic Charter
Battle of Britain
Casablanca Conference
Neville Chamberlain (1869- 1940)
Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
Battle of Coral Sea
Council of Foreign Ministers
Curzon Line
D Day
Edouard Daladier (1884-1970)
EI Alamein
General Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969)
Enola Gay
Francisco Franco (1892-1975)
Lend-Lease Program
Liebenstraum
Maginot Line
Mare Nostrum
George C. Marshall (1880-1959)
Battle of Midway
General Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976)
Morgenthau Line
Munich Conference
General George S. Patton (1885-1945)
Pearl Harbor
Potsdam Conference
Rome-Berlin Axis
Erwin Rommel (1891-1944)
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945)
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)
Sudetenland
Teheran Conference
Tojo Hideki (1884-1948)
Harry Truman (1884-1972)
V-E Day
V-J Day
Yalta Conference

The Cold War:

Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967)
Clement Attlee (1883-1967)
Willy Brandt (1913
Brezhnev Doctrine
brinkmanship
Chinese Nationalists
COMECON
Cominform
containment
Cultural Revolution
Alcide De Gasperi (1881-1954)
Charles De Gaulle (1890-1970)
de Stalinization
"economic miracle"
Anthony Eden (1897-1977)
Eisenhower Doctrine
Ludwig Erhard (1897-1977)
European Coal and Steel Community
European Economic Community
German Democratic Republic
German Federal Republic
Wladislaw Gomulka (1905-1982)
Hungarian Revolution
Iron Curtain
Janos Kadar (1912- 1989)
Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971)
Khrushchev's "secret speech"
Marshall Plan
Jan Masaryk (1886-1948)
massive retaliation
Jean Monnet (1888-1979)
Imre Nagy (1896-1958
NATO
Ostpolitik
Peace Corps
Potsdam Conference (1945)
Radio Free Europe
Schuman Plan
second strike capability
Stimson Doctrine
Teheran Conference (1943)
Marshal Tito (1892-1980)
Treaty of Rome
Truman Doctrine
Walter Ulbricht (1893-1973)
Voice of America
Warsaw Pact
Yalta Conference (1945)
Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
General Idi Amin (1925)
Arab League
Balfour Declaration
Cold War
commonwealth
Commonwealth of Nations
Charles De Gaulle (1890-1970)
dominion
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984)
Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948)
Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969)
Jomo Kenyatta (1890-1978)
Mau Mau society
Lord Louis Mountbatten (1900-1979)
Muslim League
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970)
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
Palestine
Siege of Dien Bien Phu
Six-Day War
Sukarno (1901 - 1970)
Yom Kippur War
Zionism

Contemporary World:

acid rain
Apollo-Soyuz Project
Dr. Christiaan Barnard
"brain drain"
CAT scans
CFCs
Chernobyl
Concorde
Francis Crick (1916- )
DDT
end of the "baby boom"
European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN)
European Space Agency
genetic engineering
greenhouse effect
ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile)
INF (Intermediate Nuclear Forces) Treaty (1987)
Manhattan Project
marriage and divorce rate patterns in the 1960s and 1970s
military-industrial complex
J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)
ozone layer
Pacific Rim
personal computers
rising female employment and decline in birth rate
saccharin/cancer debate
Skylab
Afghanistan
archconservative
Armenia
autonomy
Boris Yeltsin
Byelorus
Communist Party
constitutional monarchy
conventional weapons
dogma
democracy
deprivation
Evard Shevardnadze
Estonia
"evil empire"
"hard-liners"
Iceland summit
inflation rate
isolation
Latvia
Lithuania
Malta summit
Marxist/Leninist
modernization
Moscow summit
multi-party, multi-candidate
nationalistic
nuclear
obsolete
perestroika
Politburo
reactionaries
restructuring
Ronald Reagan
Russian Republic
socialism
Soviet Union
star wars
strategic arms
summit
Ukraine
Warsaw Pact