Three credits in Mathematics are required for graduation. Students must also pass the mathematics portion of the Ohio Graduation Test in order to receive a diploma. The mathematics program is designed to meet the needs of students for proficiency as well as preparation for advanced work in college. Competence in the field of mathematics is essential to all students regardless of the careers they are entering. Everyone should know something about the foundations, the scope, and the limitations of mathematics in order to understand what is happening in the scientific developments of the century. Because the study of mathematics provides the student with an introduction to systematic and logical thinking processes, together with skill in methods of practical applications and problem solving, it becomes a vital part of general education.

Also, everyone should have some understanding of the computer, graphing, and scientific calculator. The use of graphing calculators is permitted on the PSAT, ACT, and on the SAT as well as on AP Mathematics exams. It is the policy of the Orange High School Mathematics Department that the use of scientific and graphing calculators is permitted, where appropriate, in all courses. Students can expect the extensive use of scientific and graphing calculators in instruction, particularly in college preparatory, honors, and AP courses, and will find it advantageous to have ready access to this level of technology. Minimum calculator requirements are noted at the end of the course descriptions.

It is strongly recommended that students considering engineering or a similar technical career take Computer Science. A course in Computer Aided Design (CAD) is also strongly recommended for these students.

Because of the cumulative nature of the math curriculum and the demands of its content, the Pass/Fail grading option is not available for math offerings.

In order for a student to receive a teacher recommendation for advancement into the next course in a sequence, an honors sequence student must earn at least a "B-" end of the year grade, and a college preparation sequence student must earned at least a "C-" end if the year grade.

Computer offerings do not fulfill math credit requirements.

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Calculator Codes: FFC.- Four function, SC - Scientific, GC - Graphing

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ALGEBRA TOPICS Grade 9, 1 UNIT
Prerequisites: Pre-Algebra and Mat 8 (Final grade of C- or better and teacher recommendation)

The algebraic concepts covered are more advanced than those in the Pre-Algebra and Math 8 courses. It is expected that the student who takes Algebra Topics will take Geometry Topics or Algebra I the following year. The completion of Algebra Topics is not equivalent to a course in Algebra 1 and does not fulfill the prerequisite for Geometry and/or Algebra 2. (FFC)

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ALGEBRA 1 Grades 9-12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Pre-Algebra (Final grade of C- or better) or departmental approval.

This course includes a study of symbols, sets, axioms, exponents, negative numbers, fractions, solving and graphing linear and quadratic equations, problem solving, and the study of polynomial expressions including special products and factoring. (SC)

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GEOMETRY Grades 9-12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Algebra 1(Final grade of C- or better) or departmental approval.

This course is a study in classic Euclidean Geometry. It explores the relationships of lines, angles, triangles, right triangle trigonometry, polygons, circles, and solids . There is an emphasis on special visualization, precision of language, and algebraic skills. Elements of logic and mathematical proof are incorporated. (SC)

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HONORS ALGEBRA 2 AND TRIGONOMETRY Grade 9, 1 Unit
Prerequisite: Accelerated Geometry (final grade of "B-" or better) or departmental approval.

This is a continuation and extension of Accelerated Algebra I. Upon completion of this course, the student will have studied all the topics in second year algebra course as well as topics including trigonometry . This course is designed for the highly motivated student with above average interest and ability in mathematics, well-developed study skills, and with a willingness to accept a large share of responsibility in the academic process. Competing in the American Mathematics Competition is required of all students. No upper classman should enroll in this course unless their grade in college preparatory Algebra I was an A or an A+. The course will not be modified in order to accommodate an upper classman. (GC)

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GEOMETRY TOPICS Grade 10, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Algebra Topics (Final grade of C- or better) and teacher recommendation.

This course is a continuation of the teaching style presented in Algebra Topics, yet continues to attach more responsibility to the student. This course includes an introduction of the relationship of lines, angles, triangles, polygons, and circles. Geometric investigations will be made using the ruler, protractor, compass, and computer software. It is expected that the student who successfully takes Geometry Topics and passes the Ohio Graduation Test will take Algebra II Topics the following year. (SC)

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ALGEBRA 2 Grades 10-12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisites: Algebra I and Geometry (Final grade of C- or better) or departmental approval.

This course is a continuation and extension of Algebra I. It uses the basic principles set forth in Algebra I applied on a more advanced level in such areas as factoring and solving higher degree equations. The extension consists of additional topics among which are arithmetic and geometric progressions, complex numbers, exponential and logarithmic equations, matrices, functions, and very elementary trigonometry. (GC)

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AP STATISTICS Grade 10-12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Honors Algebra II (Final grade "B-" or better) or Trigonometry and Statistics (Final grade "B-" or better), or departmental approval.

The AP Statistics course provides students with a learning experience equivalent to that of an introductory college course in statistics. The course provides instruction in each of the following four broad conceptual themes outlined in the course description with appropriate emphasis on each: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. The course draws connections between all aspects of the statistical process, including design, analysis, and conclusions. The course teaches students how to communicate methods, results, and interpretations using the vocabulary of statistics. The course teaches students how to use graphing calculators and demonstrates the use of computers and/or computer output to enhance the development of statistical understanding through exploring and analyzing data, assessing models, and performing simulations. (GC)

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MATH FUNDAMENTALS Grade 11 or 12, 1 Unit
Prerequisite: Entry into this course is allowed only for those students who have not passed the math portion of the Ohio Graduation Test.

This is a mandatory course for a junior or senior that has not passed the Math portion of the Ohio Graduation Test. The student will be enrolled in the course in an attempt to provide the necessary skills needed to pass the OGT test. It will cover the learning objectives prescribed by the State of Ohio Department of Education and in addition will contain topics that involve problem solving. Enrollment in this course is for the entire year. (SC)

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PRECACULUS Grades 11-12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Algebra II and Geometry (Final grade of C- or better) or departmental approval.

This is a course that develops understanding of several topics in higher level mathematical topics including the analysis of polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and logistics functions. In addition, solving higher-level equations, inequalities, and systems will be incorporated. Students will investigate ideas in limits, linear algebra, conic sections, and sequences, series. The year culminates with an introduction to the derivative and the integral in calculus. It also includes the study of tright triangle trigonometry as well as the Law of Sines and Cosines. The complete study of trigonometry takes place in the subsequent course. (GC)

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HONORS PRE-CALCULUS Grade 10, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Honors Algebra 2 (Final grade of B- or better) or departmental approval.

This is the second course in the Honors Math program and is designed to prepare the student for the study of calculus in grade twelve. This course and its sequels are designed for the highly motivated student with above average interest and ability in mathematics, well-developed study skills, and with a willingness to accept a large share of responsibility in the academic process. Graphing calculator usage and computer-based graphing technology are incorporated in this course to enhance teaching and learning of pre-calculus. Topics covered include a review and extensions of algebra, coordinate geometry, and an introduction to calculus. Considerable out-of-class preparation is required on the part of the student. Competing in the American Mathematics Competition is required of all students. (GC)

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ADVANCED PLACEMENT COMPUTER SCIENCE A Grades 11-12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Algebra II or department approval.

This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to gain a thorough understanding of computing and the digital computer, including its capabilities and limitations. The course includes topics dictated by the advanced placement syllabus and is taught in JAVA. It is equivalent to a first semester college course in computer science. All students in this class are required to take the AP Computer Science exam in May.

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HONORS COMPUTER SCIENCE AB Grades 11-12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: AP Computer Science A or department approval

This course is a continuation of AP Computer Science A. It is equivalent to a second semester college course in computer science and stresses linked lists, stack, queues, and trees. All students in this class are required to take the AP Computer Science exam in May.

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TRIGONOMETRY AND STATISTICS Grade 12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Math Analysis (final grades of C- or better) or departmental approval.

This course completes the Precalculus sequence, covering trigonometry during the first semester and statistics during the second semester. The trigonometry portion covers the remaining prerequisite material required for a first year college math course or the first year of calculus not covered in Math Analysis. This includes the study of the unit circle, trigonometric identities, analysis of the trigonometric functions and their inverses, and solving trigonometric equations. Applications of trigonometry include Law of Sines, Law of Cosines, Harmonic Motion, Polar Coordinates, and Vectors. The second semester includes the study of statistics and probability concepts encountered at college and in the real world. By studying topics like scatterplots, correlation, regression, randomness, probability, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and variance, students will be well prepared for a Statistics course at the college level. (GC)

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ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS AB (343) or BC (344 Grade 11, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite for BC: Honors Precalculus (final average of B- or better).

Prerequisite for AB: Honors Precalculus or Trig/Stat

Topics in this course include differential and integral calculus of algebraic and transcendental functions and applications of same. Also included are infinite series and differential equations. All students are required to take the AP exam in May and participate in the American Mathematics Competition. (GC)

Calculus AB is equivalent to 1 semester of college calculus.
Calculus BC is equivalent to 2 semesters of college calculus.

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FINITE MATH TOPICS Grade 12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Algebra II (final grade of C- or better) or departmental approval.

Finite math is an introduction to probability and statistics, graph theory, logic and computer programming. The course uses the BASIC programming language to investigate Algebra I, Geometry, and Algebra 2.

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CONSUMER MATH Grades 12, 1 UNIT
Prerequisite: Geometry Topics

This course is designed for seniors and makes use of the Internet. It is recommended for those students who have completed two years of high school mathematics. A major objective of this course is to assist the student in making sensible value judgments as a consumer. This objective is achieved by solving problems of the types facing the consumer today. A second major objective, which is to assist the student in strengthening his/her basic skills in arithmetic, should be achieved by solving these problems. The course includes such topics as taxes, insurance, budgets, installment buying, savings, interest, borrowing, and investments. The students will be given an opportunity to select some of the topics that will be discussed. The use of the computer is integrated into this course. This course is not designed to be a review course for those students who have not passed the Ohio Graduation Test. (GC)

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